Volkswagen has been making quirky vans for decades, and while many people remember the Type 2 generation from the 1960s and 70s, there’s a whole world of van variations wearing the iconic giant VW badge. Volkswagen introduced a heavier and larger Type 2 in 1979, and in 1985, the automaker released an all-wheel drive variant called the Vanagon Syncro.
Volkswagen built limited numbers of the vans through 1992, and most of its vans at the time were rear-engine and rear-wheel drive. The system was added at a factory in Graz, Austria, where the Mercedes-Benz G-Class was built, and actually still is today. Interestingly, VW had moved from air-cooled to water-cooled configurations for the van in 1983, before the Syncro was announced.
Never known for their performance and acceleration, the Syncros came with a 2.1-liter gasoline engine making 95 horsepower and 117 pound-feet of torque. Volkswagen also equipped a low-range gear with the four-speed manual transmission. The van added a few more features for its second year, including a better air conditioning system, updated gearboxes, and a tachometer.
Compared to the standard vans, Vanagon Syncros got larger brakes and reinforced bodywork. The wheelbase was stretched by an inch, and the Syncro got larger CV joints. Volkswagen added underbody protection with skid plates and bracing, but like many of its older models, the vans didn’t come without their mechanical quirks. The transmission and rear differential share oil in the original Syncro design, which could cause problems, and there were failures with other drivetrain components, such as the differential housing. Later models picked up different engine choices, some of which brought their own headaches.
Despite the quirks, the Syncros were surprisingly capable off-road. The four-wheel-drive system used a viscous coupling — not uncommon today, but exciting in its day — to permanently spread the engine’s torque to all four wheels. A rear locking differential was fitted, and some markets got an optional front locker as well. The driver could control the diffs from the cabin with buttons. Suspension travel and ground clearance were increased, lowered gearing was fitted and the fuel tank was enlarged. The vans remain popular with overlanders and campers, as their mix of capability and interior function is hard to beat, even to this day.
Depending on the original owner’s desires and the specification, the Syncro could be outfitted with a number…
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